Risk Disclosures
Morningstar Risk (from slider): Morningstar Risk evaluates a mutual fund's downside volatility relative to that of other funds in its Morningstar Category. It is an assessment of the variations in a fund's monthly returns, with an emphasis on downside variations, in comparison with the mutual funds in its Morningstar Category. In each Morningstar Category, the 10% of funds with the lowest measured risk are described as Low Risk (LOW), the next 22.5% Below Average (-AVG), the middle 35% Average (AVG), the next 22.5% Above Average (+AVG), and the top 10% High (HIGH). Morningstar Risk is measured for up to three time periods (three-, five-, and 10 years). These separate measures are then weighted and averaged to produce an overall measure for the mutual fund. Funds with less than three years of performance history are not rated.
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Investing in mutual funds involves risk, including the possible loss of principal. There is no assurance any investment strategy will be successful or that a fund will meet its investment objective. An investment in a mutual fund will fluctuate and, shares, when sold, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Each fund is subject to its own specific risks which are detailed in the prospectus. Before investing, you should read the prospectus for a complete description of the investment objectives, risks, charges and expenses associated with an investment in a specific fund. Some of the risks include:
Alternative Strategies Risks: Mutual funds that invest using alternative strategies are more complex investment vehicles which generally have higher costs and substantial risks. They tend to be more volatile than other types of mutual funds and present an increased risk of investment loss. Relative to broad, long-only traditional asset class mutual funds, alternative mutual funds may employ more complex strategies, investments, and portfolio structures. In doing so, some of these strategies may expose investors to additional risks, including but not limited to the following: short selling, leverage risk, counterparty risk, liquidity risk, commodity price volatility risk, and/or managed futures roll yield risk.
Arbitrage Strategy Risk: Arbitrage strategies expose a fund to the risk that the anticipated arbitrage opportunities will not develop as anticipated, resulting in potentially reduced returns or losses to the fund. They involve buying securities on one market for immediate resale on another market in order to profit from a price discrepancy. Such strategies entail the use of short selling. Short selling involves the risk of potentially unlimited increase in the market value of the security sold short, which could result in potentially unlimited loss for the fund. In addition, taking short positions in securities is a form of leverage which may cause a portfolio to be more volatile.
Asset Allocation Fund Risk: Asset Allocation Funds are subject to the risks of the underlying funds in which they invest. These funds are also indirectly subject to the underlying fund expenses as well as the expenses of the portfolio and the cost of this type of investment may be higher than a mutual fund that only invests in stocks or bonds.
Bank Loan Risk: Bank loans are subject to interest and credit rate risks. They generally invest in companies that are below investment grade. Exposure to such companies involves additional credit risk than many other investments. These funds are also exposed to other loan-specific risks. An investor should carefully consider these and other risk characteristics of the fund before investing.
Commodity Risk: Exposure to the commodities markets may subject an investment to greater share price volatility than an investment in traditional equity or debt securities. The prices of various commodities may fluctuate based on numerous factors including changes in supply and demand relationships, weather and acts of nature, agricultural conditions, international trade conditions, fiscal, monetary and exchange control programs, domestic and foreign political and economic events and policies, and changes in interest rates or sectors affecting a particular industry or commodity. Products that invest in commodities may employ more complex strategies which may expose investors to additional risks. Investing in physical commodities, such as gold, silver, platinum or palladium, exposes a portfolio to other risk considerations such as potentially severe price fluctuations over short periods of time and storage costs that exceed the custodial and/or brokerage costs associated with a portfolio's other holdings.
Convertible Securities Risk: Convertible securities are subject to the same interest rate, price and credit risks as regular debt securities. Prices tend to be inversely affected by changes in interest rates. In addition, a convertible security is also subject to the risks associated with common stocks. The return and principal value of stocks fluctuate with changes in market conditions.
Currency Risk: Investments in currencies involve certain risks, including credit risk, interest rate fluctuations, fluctuations in currency exchange rates, derivative investment risk and the effect of political and economic conditions. The use of currency transactions to seek to achieve gains in the portfolio could result in significant losses to the portfolio which exceeds the amount invested in the currency instruments. In addition, exchange rate risk between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies may cause the value of the fund's investments to decline.
Derivative Risk: Some funds may use derivatives in connection with their investment strategies. Derivatives generally have implied leverage and may entail other risks such as liquidity and interest rate and credit risks. The use of derivatives may not be successful, resulting in losses to the fund, and the cost of such strategies may reduce the fund's returns and increase the fund’s volatility. Investing in derivatives carries the risk of the underlying instrument as well as the derivative itself.
Dividend-Paying Stock Risk: There is no guarantee that dividend-paying stocks will return more than the overall stock market. Dividends are not guaranteed and are subject to change or elimination.
Equity Investment Risk: A fund's equity investments are subject to market risk which means that the value of its investments may fluctuate in response to general economic and market conditions, the prospects of individual companies, and industry sectors.
Energy-Related Master Limited Partnership Investment Risk: An investment that is concentrated in energy related MLPs is subject to the risks of investing in MLPs and the energy sector. MLPs are subject to numerous significant risks such as volatility associated with the use of leverage; volatility of the commodities markets; market risks; supply and demand; natural and man-made catastrophes; competition; liquidity; market price discount from NAV and other material risks. A downturn in the energy sector of the economy, adverse political, legislative or regulatory developments or other events could have a larger impact on a portfolio that concentrates in the sector.
Fixed Income Risk: Bond prices fluctuate inversely to changes in interest rates. Therefore, a general rise in interest rates can result in the decline of the value of your investment. Investing in fixed income securities involves certain risks such as market risk if sold prior to maturity and credit risk especially if investing in high yield bonds, which have lower ratings and are subject to greater volatility. All fixed income investments may be worth less than original cost upon redemption or maturity. Income from municipal securities is generally free from federal taxes and state taxes for residents of the issuing state. While the interest income is tax-free, capital gains, if any, will be subject to taxes. Income for some investors may be subject to the federal Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT).
Floating Rate Fund Risk: Investments in floating rate securities are generally below investment grade quality ("high-yield" securities or "junk" bonds) and should be viewed as speculative. Investors should review their ability to assume the risks associated with investments which utilize such securities. High-yield securities, also known as junk bonds, are subject to greater risk of loss of principal and interest, including default risk, than higher-rated bonds.
Foreign/Emerging Markets Risks: Investing in foreign securities presents certain risks not associated with domestic investments, such as currency fluctuation, political and economic instability, and different accounting standards. This may result in greater share price volatility. These risks are heightened in emerging markets.
Growth Style Risk: Growth stocks may be more volatile than other stocks. The growth style of investing cannot guarantee appreciation in the market value of the fund's holdings. The return and principal value of stocks fluctuate with changes in market conditions. The growth type of investing tends to shift in and out of favor.
Infrastructure-Related Risk: Investments in infrastructure companies expose an investment to potentially adverse economic, regulatory, political and other changes affecting such companies. Infrastructure companies may also be subject to various other risks, including, governmental regulations, high interest costs associated with capital construction programs, costs associated with compliance and changes in environmental regulation, economic slowdown and surplus capacity, competition from other providers of services and other factors.
Leverage and/or Inverse Leverage Risk: Leveraged and/or inverse mutual funds, are designed for investors who understand the risks associated with the use of complex strategies, realize the consequences associated with daily (or monthly) leveraged investment results, can accept the risks and volatility associated with investing in complex, speculative funds and intend to actively monitor and manage their investments on a daily basis.
Leverage mutual funds attempt to track a multiple of the daily (or monthly) returns of the index or benchmark they track usually by entering into total return swap agreements. These funds may be two-times (2x) or three-times (3x) leveraged, or a similar positive multiple (ex. 2.5x), which means the fund attempts to provide two times, three times or two-and-a-half times the daily (or monthly) index return. The use of leverage within a security can magnify any price movements resulting in high volatility and potentially significant loss of principal.
Inverse mutual funds are "short" funds that seek to deliver the opposite of the daily (or monthly) returns of the index or benchmark they track. A leveraged-inverse fund would attempt to deliver a multiple of the inverse daily (or monthly) return of the underlying index. Inverse funds also primarily enter into total return swap agreements and use futures to achieve their objective.
Long/Short Strategy Risk: Long/short strategies seek to add value through selecting which stocks to go long or short and by deciding when to go net long or net short the market. There is no guarantee such strategies will be successful. Short selling involves the risk of potentially unlimited increase in the market value of the security sold short, which could result in potentially unlimited loss for the fund. In addition, taking short positions in securities is a form of leverage which may cause a portfolio to be more volatile.
Money Market Fund Risk: An investment in a money market fund is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) or any other government agency. Although money market funds seek to preserve the value of your investment at $1.00 per share, it is possible to lose money by investing in a money market fund.
Mortgage-Backed and Asset-Backed Securities Risks: Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities are subject to prepayment risks. Changes in prepayments may significantly affect yield, average life and expected maturity.
Non-Diversification Risk: Non-diversified funds generally may invest a larger percentage of their assets in the securities of a smaller number of issuers. As a result, the funds may be more susceptible to the risks associated with these particular companies, or to a single economic, political or regulatory occurrence affecting these companies.
Option Strategy Risk: A fund's investments in option strategies may result in loss. Purchasing and writing options are highly specialized activities and entail greater than ordinary investment risks. The successful use of options depends in part on the ability of the manger to manage future price fluctuations and the degree of correlation between the options and securities markets. No assurance can be given that such judgments will be correct.
Preferred Securities Risk: There are special risks associated with investing in preferred securities. Preferred securities generally offer no voting rights with respect to the issuer. Preferred securities are generally subordinated to bonds or other debt instruments in an issuer’s capital structure, subjecting them to a greater risk of non-payment than more senior securities. In addition, the issue may be callable which may negatively impact the return of the security. Preferred dividends are not guaranteed and are subject to deferral or elimination.
Real Estate Investment Risk: There are special risks associated with an investment in real estate, including the possible illiquidity of the underlying properties, credit risk, interest rate fluctuations and the impact of varied economic conditions.
Social/Environmental Policy Risk: A fund's social or environmental policy could cause it to underperform similar funds that do not have such a policy.
Small-Mid-Cap Company Risks: The prices of small- and mid-company stocks are generally more volatile than large company stocks. They often involve higher risks because smaller companies may lack the management expertise, financial resources, product diversification and competitive strengths to endure adverse economic conditions.
Specific Sectors, Industries or Company Risk: Investments that are concentrated in a specific sector, industry or companies may be subject to a higher degree of market risk than investments that are more diversified which may result in greater share price volatility.
Specific State Risk: A fund that concentrates its investments in a single state is subject to greater risk of adverse economic conditions than one that is more geographically diversified, thereby increasing its vulnerability to any single economic, political or regulatory development within that state. This may result in greater price volatility.
Target Date Fund Risk: Target Date Funds are subject to the risks associated with the underlying funds in which they invest. These risks change over time as the fund’s asset allocation strategy adjusts as it approaches it target date. There is no assurance any target date fund will achieve its investment objective. The principal value of an investment in a target date fund is not guaranteed at any time including at its target date. Most target date funds invest in a combination of equity, fixed income and other short-term funds.
Technology and Internet-Related Securities Risk: Technology and Internet-related stocks, especially of smaller, less-seasoned companies, tend to be more volatile than the overall market.
Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities Risk: Although Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) are considered free from credit risk, they are subject to other types of risks. These risks include interest rate risk, which may cause the underlying value of the bond to fluctuate, and deflation risk, which may cause the principal to decline and the securities to underperform traditional Treasury securities. TIPS have special tax consequences, generating phantom income on the "inflation compensation" component of the principal. A holder of TIPS may be required to report this income annually although no income related to "inflation compensation" is received until maturity.
Value Style Risk: The value style of investing cannot guarantee appreciation in the market value of the fund's holdings. The return and principal value of stocks fluctuate with changes in market conditions. Both growth and value types of investing tend to shift in and out of favor.
Mutual funds are sold by prospectus. A prospectus containing more information, including investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses for any mutual fund can be obtained by contacting your investment professional or the mutual fund company. The prospectus contains this and other information about the fund. Please read and consider the information carefully before investing.
Risks: All mutual funds are subject to market risk. Please see the prospectus for the specific risks associated with an investment in the fund.
Options involve risk and are not suitable for all investors. Before opening an option position, a person must receive a copy of Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options. This document is available from Options Clearing Corporation, One North Wacker Drive, Suite 500, Chicago, Illinois 60606. Please read it carefully before investing.